US Presidential Cabinet Secretary. He served as the 11th United States Secretary of Labor during the Administration of President Richard M. Nixon from 1969 until 1970. He served as the 62nd United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Administration of President Richard M. Nixon from 1972 until 1974. He served as the 60th United States Secretary of State during the Administration of President Ronald W. Reagan from 1982 until 1989. Raised in Englewood, New Jersey, he attained his Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Princeton University, prior to serving with the United States Marine Corps during World War II. Upon his return home, he enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from where he received his doctorate in Industrial Economics in 1949. He remained at MIT to serve on the teaching staff and experienced his first taste in the political arena when he served on President Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers in 1955. He accepted a position as professor at the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business in 1959 and was elevated to Dean in 1962. Shultz returned to Washington in 1969, when he joined the Nixon Administration to serve as US Secretary of Labor and following his brief tenure at that capacity, he was appointed by President Nixon to serve as the first Director of the newly reorganized Office of Management and Budget from 1970 until 1972 (formerly known as the Bureau of the Budget). During his tenure as the Secretary of the Treasury under President Nixon, Shultz served as Chairman of the newly formed President's Council on Economic Policy. After leaving office in 1974, he became President and Director of the construction and engineering company, the Bechtel Group. In 1982, he succeeded Alexander M. Haig, Jr. as US Secretary of State. During his tenure, he often clashed with White House officials. Shultz was a proponent of dialogue with the Soviet Union on arms limitations and sought for more control by the State Department over foreign policy decisions. It is believed on several occasions, Shultz resigned however President Reagan refused his resignation. He was firmly opposed to and angered by the arms-for-hostages deal with Iran which evolved into an administration scandal. Shultz is widely marveled for his efforts in ending the "Cold War" and for strengthening ties in Asia with China and Japan. The day prior to President Reagan leaving office on January 19, 1989, he awarded Shultz the Presidential Medal of Freedom. After leaving Washington, he rejoined the Bechtel Group as a senior adviser, in addition to serving as a Professor of International Economics at Stanford's Graduate School of Business. He authored several publications.